METAL–LIGAND COMPLEXES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY

Abstract

Metal–ligand complexes play a central role in medicinal chemistry due to their unique coordination properties, tunable reactivity, and ability to target specific biomolecules. This paper explores the structural design, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic applications of metal-based complexes, particularly in the areas of anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory drug development. Special focus is placed on platinum, ruthenium, copper, and gold complexes, as well as bioinorganic principles governing metal–ligand interactions. Advances in ligand engineering, including bidentate, polydentate, and macrocyclic systems, are discussed in relation to pharmacokinetics and targeted delivery. This study underscores the importance of metal coordination chemistry in modern therapeutics and provides insights into future research directions.