The Disease Triangle: A Framework for Managing Poultry Health
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71465/hjmri.380Keywords:
Chain of disease transmission, poultry, Coccidiosis, Newcastle diseaseAbstract
The objective of this paper is to discuss the disease triangle: A framework for managing poultry health. Poultry production is a vital sector providing livelihoods, employment, and food security globally. However, infectious diseases pose a significant threat to the industry. This paper explores the disease triangle concept, highlighting the interplay between host, environment, and pathogen. Key diseases affecting poultry include Newcastle disease, Coccidiosis, Mite infestation, Bumblefoot, Internal parasites, and Mycoplasmosis. Prevention strategies such as sanitation, vaccination, pest control, and stress management are crucial in controlling disease spread. Effective disease management requires a holistic approach, understanding the chain of infection transmission, and implementing targeted interventions. By adopting these measures, poultry producers can reduce disease incidence, promote bird health, and ensure sustainable production.
References
Adebiyi, O.A., Matanmi, I.V., Jokhtan, G.E. & Njidda, A.A. (2020). ANP 501 poultry production. NOUN www.noun.edu.ng
Aragaw K. & Asmar, K. (2023). Poultry health management - Continuous Professional Development Training Module. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Baqust, T.J. (2023). Poultry health and disease control in developing countries. FAO.
Barth, M.M., Bell, R.A. & Grimmer, K. (2021). Public health nutrition. Rural, urban, and global community-based practice. Springer Publishing Company, LLC, United States of America.
de Barros, T.L. & McDermott, T. (2022). Dynamics of poultry diseases - what can be done to prevent diseases? CAES fact sheet AS-p-3-22. https://ansci.osu.edu/extension.
FAO. (2026). Gateway to poultry production and products.www.fao.org.
Lai, S.V. Kapoor, P., Laxmi, N.A. & Jerard, A. (2021). Backyard poultry production and it's importance. Acta Scientific Veterinary Sciences,3(1),23-28.
Liebhart, D., Bilic, I., Grafl, B. & Hess, C. (2023). Diagnosing infections diseases in poultry requires a holistic approach: A review. Poultry, 2(2),252-280.
Markham, S. (2016). Backyard poultry production and it's importance. International Journal of Chemical Studies,4(6),124-127.
ReAct (2023). Poultry biosecurity and disease prevention.
Santra, S.(2017). Environmental Science. New Central Book Agency ltd Kolkatta: India.
Sarkingobir, Y. (2026). Schools: Implications of Empty Calories on the Health and Wellbeing of Youngster. DIDACTICA DANUBIENSIS,6(1), 376-402.
Serbessa, T.A., Gemecha, G. & Terfa, I.O. (2023). Review on diseases and health management of poultry and swine. International Journal Avian and Wildlife Biology, 7(1),27-38.
South African Poultry Association (2023). Poultry production and disease control.www.sapouotry.co.za
Talante, N.L. (2023). Common poultry diseases and their prevention. University of Maryland Extension.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatima Muhammad Attahiru, Nura Maiakwai Salah, Abubakar Aliyu Jafar (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
All articles published in the Holistic Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Innovation are licensed under an open access model. Authors retain copyright of their work and grant the journal the right of first publication. The content may be freely used, distributed, and reproduced in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and remains unaltered.
